{"id":1032,"date":"2019-04-17T18:37:45","date_gmt":"2019-04-17T18:37:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/trauma.criusmm.net\/uncategorized\/cest-quoi-un-trouble-de-stress-post-traumatique\/"},"modified":"2019-07-30T16:04:00","modified_gmt":"2019-07-30T16:04:00","slug":"what-is-post-traumatic-stress-disorder","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/trauma.criusmm.net\/en\/advices\/what-is-post-traumatic-stress-disorder\/","title":{"rendered":"What is post-traumatic stress disorder?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Post-traumatic stress disorder is characterized by the development of specific symptoms following exposure to a traumatic event in a context of death, death threats, serious injury, or threat to life or physical integrity. Exposure to the event may be direct or indirect (e.g., witness or learn that a loved one has been exposed).<\/p>\n<p>The symptoms of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder fall into four categories:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A tendency to relive the event (e.g., invasive, involuntary, spontaneous, and recurrent memories of the traumatic event, nightmares)<\/li>\n<li>A tendency to avoid (e.g., avoidance of thoughts, feelings, places or persons that cause recall of the traumatic event)<\/li>\n<li>Cognitive and emotional alterations (e.g., persistent blame, negative perception of self, others, or the world)<\/li>\n<li>Hyper-arousal (e.g., exaggerated startled reactions, hypervigilance)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>These symptoms must persist for more than one month after the event and cause suffering or impaired functioning.<\/p>\n<h2>Need more information about post-traumatic stress disorder?<\/h2>\n<p>The DSM-5 (American Psychological Association, 2013)1 provides 8 criteria for diagnosing Post Traumatic Stress Disorder:<\/p>\n<h4>Criterion A: Exposure to actual death or threat of death, serious injury or sexual violence.<\/h4>\n<h4>Criterion B: Invasive symptoms associated with the event (reliving the trauma)<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Repetitive, involuntary, and pervasive remembering of the event generating distress<\/li>\n<li>Repetitive dreams causing a sense of distress in connection with the event<\/li>\n<li>Dissociative reactions (e.g., flashbacks)<\/li>\n<li>Severe and prolonged feelings of distress when exposed to internal or external cues that evoke or resemble the event<\/li>\n<li>Physiological reactions when exposed to internal or external cues that evoke or resemble the event<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Criterion C: Persistent avoidance of stimuli associated with the event<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Avoidance of memories, thoughts, or feelings related to the event<\/li>\n<li>Avoidance of external stimuli (people, places, conversations) that elicit memories of the event<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Criterion D: Negative alterations in cognition and mood associated with the event<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Inability to remember an important aspect of the event<\/li>\n<li>Negative and exaggerated beliefs or expectations (of themselves, others, or the world)<\/li>\n<li>Persistent cognitive distortions about the cause or consequences of the event that cause the subject to blame or blame others<\/li>\n<li>Persistent negative emotional state<\/li>\n<li>Net reduction of interest in important activities or reduction of participation<\/li>\n<li>Feelings of emotional detachment or remoteness<\/li>\n<li>Persistent inability to feel positive emotions<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Criterion E: Significant alterations in the level of arousal and responsiveness associated with the event<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Irritability, tantrums, verbal \/ physical aggression<\/li>\n<li>Unwise \/ self-destructive behaviors<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hypervigilance<\/span><\/li>\n<li>Exaggerated startled response<\/li>\n<li>Concentration problems<\/li>\n<li>Sleep problems<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Criterion F: The disturbance lasts more than a month<\/h4>\n<h4>Criterion G: The disturbance is not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance or another medical condition.<\/h4>\n<p>In children under 6, the criteria for diagnosing post-traumatic stress disorder vary from those in adults (see DSM-5, American Psychological Association, 2013)<\/p>\n<p>Following a traumatic event, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder rarely occurs alone. Thus, 60-75% of people with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder have associated disorders that need to be considered in the treatment plan (Kessler, Sonnega, Bromet, Hughes &amp; Nelson, 1995)3. The most common comorbid symptomatologies include depression (48% of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder victims, Kessler et al., 1995)4 with increased suicidal risk, substance abuse (alcohol abuse in 52% of men and 28% of women, drug abuse in 35% of men and 27% of women, Kessler et al., 1995)5, and anxiety disorders (generalized anxiety in 17%, panic attack in 7%, Kessler et al., 1995)6.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":591,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"wds_primary_category":16,"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1032","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-advices"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/trauma.criusmm.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1032","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/trauma.criusmm.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/trauma.criusmm.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trauma.criusmm.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trauma.criusmm.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1032"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/trauma.criusmm.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1032\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trauma.criusmm.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/591"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/trauma.criusmm.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1032"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trauma.criusmm.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1032"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trauma.criusmm.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1032"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}